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This Journal is published under CC BY-SA 3.0 license conditions. Full texts are hosted by the Lower Silesian Digital Library.

  • 2009
  • 2010
  • 2011
  • 2012
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  • 2014
  • 2015
  • 2016
  • 2017
  • 2018
  • 2019
  • 2020
  • 2021
  • 2022
  • 2023
  • 2024
2009

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 9/2009

2010

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 10/2010

Samodzielność wydatkowa gmin województwa świętokrzyskiego

Autor: Piotr Bury, Paweł Dziekański, Joanna Rogalska

Polska w dobie globalizacji – wybrane problemy

Autor: Renata Jedlińska, Beata Rogowska

Kapitał intelektualny – wybrane narzędzia pomiaru

Autor: Magdalena Kalisiak-Mędelska

Kapitał ludzki jako zasób regionalny

Autor: Marek Leszczyński

Zarządzanie regionem uczącym się

Autor: Małgorzata Pięta-Kanurska

2011

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 11/2011

2012

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 12/2012

Strategia Rozwoju Szczecina 2025

Autor: Krzysztof Małachowski

2013

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 13/2013

2014

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 14/2014

2015

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 15/2015

Przestrzeń jako element bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego

Autor: Andrzej Łuczyszyn, Agnieszka Chołodecka

2016

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 16/2016

2017

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 17/2017

Climate change has been observed for many years, being a worlwide source of concern. Reoccuring droughts and changes in precipitation in some regions of the world prompted research into the influence of climate change on the drying up of water. The following study analyses the dependencies between climate change and the drying up of rivers. In the introduction a history of climate change is presented followed by an analysis of global water reasources: their availability, changes in precipitation and their causes and effects. The third chapter deals with the influence of the observed changes on the availability of freshwater in the world. The study ends with the conclusion that the impact of climate change on the drying up of water remains unclear, with the bigger problem being the impact of these changes on the reduction of the quality of water, a fact that may lead to many global problems.

The article refers to the issues linked with defining hybridization of development concept, along with its application to sectoral approach. Its aim is on the one hand an attempt to strictly define the category of hybrid development in a context of inputs, products and effects, and on the other hand an initial verification of the hybridization of development concept within the green economy and real estate sectors. This allows defining and solving the following research problem: how should the hybridization concept be understood and what are the effects of its manifestation in selected green economy and real estate sectors? Conclusions arising from the research indicate that linking quite different inputs, and then creating on their base multifunctional and elastic solutions leads in consequence to hybrid or patchwork changes taking place in sectors and territories. These kinds of processes can suggest appearing of new patterns of development, arising from the mechanism of neoliberal capitalism, territorial legacy and globalisation.

The article explores the issues related to cross-border cooperation in the Neisse-Nisa-Nysa Euroregion as an example. It also emphasises the need of cooperation between Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany in the area of economy, culture and tourism. Using an example of the Neisse-Nisa-Nysa Euroregion, the benefits from closer cooperation in neighbouring border regions are discussed.

The article focuses on the analysis of the innovation environment of the regions in Czechia, focusing on the Ústí Region. Due to the geographical location of the Ústi Region and its economic development and structure, regions which went through similar economic and social development have been selected for research in this article, in particular the Karlovy Vary Region, the Liberec Region, and the Moravia-Silesia Region. The analysis has used the indicators from the field of human resources, employment in R&D, information technologies, as well as education. It is obvious under the comparison of the selected parameters that the Ústí Region lags in the development of the innovation potential behind the Liberec Region and Moravia-Silesia Region, but reports better results and development changes compared to the Karlovy Vary Region

The aim of the article is to examine and assess selected aspects contributing to innovativeness of economy and inciatives used by the Polish government to stimulate the development of innovation and entrepreneurship. in the economy. To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed the dynamics of changes in business environment institutions and the actions and programs conducted in Poland at national level. As a result of the research, it can be stated that the activities undertaken in Poland resulted in numerous BEIs institutions and Poland has developed friendly environment for business. The conducted research confirms the increase of employment in R&D in private sector and a constat increase in R&D finacing by private sector.

Contemporary economy can be characterized by a simultaneous lack of space, growth of international exchange, growing importance of international corporations and internationalization of financial phenomena, which is undoubtedly favoured by the development of IT techniques. At the same time, along with the development of the knowledge-based economy as a new economic paradigm, the importance of the so-called spatial development increases in the development of spatial units, new factors that primarily include the quality of human capital, specific ICT infrastructure and the quality of business environment institutions. Territorial units must behave flexibly and be part of new trends. The article presents loose considerations on contemporary socio-economic conditions affecting the development of local and regional systems.

The main aim of the study was to critically overview available data and literature sources on interconnection between applied behavioral economics and consumer choice and to formulate ways of application of behavior principles while implementing sustainable development approaches in alternative energy sector. The models used in behavior economics were explored, similarities and differences were defined and ways for using models in the research were proposed. The analyses show that applied behavior principles can shape and change the consumer choice. The brief sociological survey in selected regions of Ukraine, the Czech Republic and Germany was accomplished and permitted to determine the first insights into behavioral factors and motivation of individuals. Results will be transferred into improvements in economic appraisal of alternative energy and strengthening the new insights in policy evaluation.

The military sites polluted by heavy metals, oil and degraded organic products constantly pose health risks and negatively affect soil, water resources and biodiversity. The prospective approach for sustainable land management of these localities is a green technology based on phytoremediation combined with the production of biomass that allows to restore marginal land to the agricultural or urban land bank and to obtain profits from processed bioproducts. The main goal of this paper is to present the results on using the second generation biofuel crop Miscanthusxgiganteus for the revitalization of the former military sites in Ukraine, the Czech Republic and the US using such an approach. The results of laboratory experiments and two years’ field research proved the prospects of the phytotechnology and calls for further investigation related to economic value chain and behaviour aspects.

A city is a cluster of buildings and areas of activity. The spaces between urban structures are often treated as a side effect, an accidental phenomenon present due to the location of buildings. However, in contrast to the buildings that have their functions established once they are erected, urban voids contain the potential for rapid change of use constituting an important element of both planned and unplanned activities. Empty spaces are possibilities for future arrangements and evolution of needs that are often unknown at the time of construction. The main objective of the article is to define the concept of ‘urban void’ and to analyze the hidden potential of it. The author emphasizes the need to create empty spaces as deliberately as architecture itself, including them in the urban tissue

The research purpose of the present article was identification of regional differences in population development, and some socioeconomic characteristics at the micro-regional level, wherein the latter are the catchment districts of the municipalities with extended powers (hereinafter referred to as SO ORP). The method applied was the comparison of the population development, education structure, and unemployment in SO ORP, and monitoring of their correlation dependence. The analysis results show that there is rather strong correlation between the migration attractiveness of the microregions, their population growth, and transformation success behind which the growing share of the university graduates in the population and relatively very low unemployment rate are standing. The micro-regions at SO ORP level assist in distinguishing continuous territories with either positive or negative population and socioeconomic development.

The aim of the paper is to discuss the arrangement of the existing and new high-rise buildings in Wrocław, as well as to determine the impact of their location on spatial order. The author uses a descriptive method, simple statistical methods, a deductive method and empirical inference. The subject of the research is Wrocław, with special attention to high-rise objects location. The basic research covers the period of 2010-2017. The question of planning and building high-rise objects was discussed in Wrocław studies of conditions and directions of spatial development (2010 and 2017). As the recent years reveal, the number of very high buildings in Wrocław is not on the rise. However, Wrocław is prepared for their arrival.

2018

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 18/2018

The paper discusses the problems connected with effects of revitalization. The authors concentrate on the differences resulting from ways as well as used base to carry out process of revitalization. The aim of the paper is assessment of the revitalized place carried out without analysis based on historical function of that place. To this end the authors used one of Wroclaw district conducted the desk research and field research. The authors used the method of observation and case studies. As a result, it can be said that revitalization process should be carried out with maintaining the historical function and the needs of inhabitants of revitalized places. The authors also refer to another example of revitalization process and compare it in the context of used ways and effects. According to the conducted research it can be said that the process of revitalization result from both legal principles and form awareness of local authorities in the context of quality of live and inhabitant needs

Contemporary developmental processes take place in diverse ways in socio-economical space. Diversity occurs among individual regions as well as inside of those regions. The border areas are a specific example of this. As commonly is accepted, they show a natural tendency to peripherality. The reasons for this are manifold and in the contemporary realities of Central Europe, they cannot be attributed only to location. The aim of this article is to systematize the knowledge about border areas and the reasons for their peripherality, and an example of Prudnik District has been used

The study offers a new reading of innovative environment, which when taken together constitute the basis for thinking about regions, society and space through the lens of smart specialisation. The aim of article is the identification and characterisation of the main features and challenges of smart specialisation, understood as a strategic approach to economic development through targeted support to research and innovation. This approach combines industrial, educational and innovation policies to suggest that countries or regions pinpoint and select a limited number of priority areas for knowledge- -based investments, focusing on their strengths and comparative advantages. In the article, three case studies (from Poland, the Czech Republic and Turkey) of different types of implementation of smart specialisation illustrate the utility of the intelligent policies

In today’s global economy, the local level is an important recipient of the effects of the processes and changes taking place. The goal of the article is to define the basic determinants of the social and economic development of Żórawina commune located in the region of Wrocław. In the first part of the article, the author points to the numerous different approaches to defining social and economic development; they also focus on the understanding of development at local level and determine the conditions constituting the basis for development. Then the general characteristics of the analysed commune are presented. The authors focused their considerations on selected conditions of the social and economic development of the studied area in order to create a detailed analysis of this space in the indicated scope. In the study, research conducted on the basis of literature and documents as well as simple statistical and descriptive methods were used

Conducting integrated measures within the framework of sustainable development requires an objective identification of the needs for their implementation based on the results of multifaceted analyses of many complex, interrelated factors reflecting the state of the natural environment and the economic and demographic situation. The increasing functionality of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), has made GIS databases a tool supporting the implementation of sustainable development activities. The aim of the study was to recognise the spatial variability of the level of environmental governance in the south-west region of Poland. Methods of research on multidimensional data mining techniques and geo-spatial analyses were applied, resulting in a theoretical model describing the regularities in the relationships between the analysed indicators of environmental governance. The level of environmental governance was most strongly determined by indicators concerning climate change and biodiversity

The aim of the article is to present the results of the research involving identifying tourist attractiveness of selected small towns in Lower Silesia as well as comparing its level to the level of tourist function’s development in these towns. The study covered 10 out of 72 small towns in Lower Silesia. The study was based on data from 2014 to 2017. The authors use a two-dimensional indicator of the tourist function, they construct a synthetic indicator of tourist attractiveness, and then they compare obtained results for the analyzed small towns. The study demonstrates that tourist attractiveness of a small town depends on tourist values which were studied, but not just. According to the authors, the level of tourist flows is influenced additionally by: the attractiveness of the environment, tourists’ habits, information and marketing activities of specific towns and enterprises offering tourist-recreation accommodation and other tourist attractions, the state of the transport infrastructure and the quality of public transport links. The research procedure was conducted with use of descriptive methods, quantitative methods and graphics methods

2019

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 19/2019

One thing missing from most studies on the effects of targeted benefits of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) is a consideration of the indirect and unintended economic effects of these policies. The contribution of this paper is a clarification of this point providing a better identification of opportunity costs of the targeted benefits in SEZs. The author challenges the four most important and interdependent assumptions about the effectiveness of: fiscal incentives, localization, job creation and the negligible distortion of competition. Based on the literature review and data from the Polish SEZs, the author concludes that job creation in the domestic economy due to establishing SEZs is much smaller if the estimates include the negative effects of lower public spending on labour policy caused by fiscal incentives in SEZs, as well as additional unemployment created by distorted competition and the misallocation of resources. Confidence in the evaluation results of SEZs could be increased by efforts to improve the match between the treatment and control data, including the geography and timing of the zone interventions.

Pursuant to the assumptions of the strategic document of the European Union, namely the Europe 2020 Strategy, objectives were designated for Member States in the scope of the conducted development policy. Poland is one of the beneficiaries of the Operational Programmes and receives financial support from the EU The main aim of the article is to verify whether the tasks implemented in that scope affect the development of particular regions. The objective of the article is the determination of the effect of pro-environmental projects on the development of Polish voivodeships. The analysis covered initiatives implemented in the scope of Operational Programmes in the programming period 2014-2020. Moreover, the levels of the development of Polish voivodeships in the selected years were determined by taxonomic research methods by Z. Hellwig, The analysis of changes in the development levels of voivodeships and pro-environmental projects in the area of which investments and activities concerning the low-emission economy, renewable energy sources, thermo-modernization and recycling are carried out is indicative of several conclusions. The low share of projects related to recycling and strictly environmental protection is worrying. In all voivodeships, most pro-environmental projects financed by ROP concern thermomodernization

Strategy Europe 2020 is intended to support smart specialisation, i.e. the innovative development of individual regions which benefit from what constitutes their specific and unique features. Regions have to indicate their strong points, and focus their activities on those areas of science and innovativeness which are complimentary to a given region’s resources and ultimately will create or strengthen its comparative advantages. The aim of this article is to present the concept itself, as well as the theoretical principles of smart specialisation in a regional dimension. In turn, they will become the basis for examining the role and the importance of clusters in the development of the regional specialisation of Lower Silesia. At the same time, the authors studied the possibilities of creating new clusters and their relevance for mapping out future areas of specialisation of the region, corresponding with the objectives of Strategy Europe 2020

Cities with ‘powiatʼ (county) rights are a specific combination of commune and powiat self-governments. They carry out both the tasks of the commune and powiat. To this end, they create their own financial policy. Local finances, as a resource of the individual, become a development factor. Finances are the basis for the implementation of public tasks and determine the conditions for economic development. The rate and structure of income that determine investment activity have a decisive impact on the pace of socio-economic development. The conditions of the financial situation may be shaped by the area (e.g. location and size of local government units, available resources and natural values, investment attractiveness) and may also be independent of it (e.g. economic fluctuations in (the country and in the world, the state of public finances, the scope of income control) and expenditure LGUs)

Local government in local economy

Autor: Piotr Hajduga, Andrzej Łuczyszyn

Abstract

Today, local government must not only create the appropriate conditions and climate for the implementation of the tasks imposed on it, but must also be an economic entity actively participating in managing the local economy. In light of analyses of the average local government’s scope of activities, it is clear that there is an increasing lack of complementarity in strategic decisions, and growing disparities or errors of local authorities, which become barriers to local development. This fact often leads to economic and social stagnation. Frequently the effectiveness of local government structures does not go hand in hand with economic rationality, which attracts social criticism. Under these conditions, the role of local government should change in local economy management with a focus on, among others, creative capital, whose task will be to expand the impact of the local economy on other areas. In addition, local government makes the local development policy more flexible, in particular the social policy towards strengthening local communities

Local development is a process of interrelated economic, social, political or cultural changes taking place in the local socio-territorial system. The aim of the article is to assess the level of development of urban-rural communes and determine its spatial diversity using a synthetic measure. Data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office for 2012, 2014 and 2017 were used as the source material. The development of the commune is consists of many events and processes belonging to various areas of life of the local community. The problem of development is important in the context of small areas and communities such as the urban-rural commune. The best urban-rural communes in Świętokrzyskie Province, regardless of the method of determining the synthetic measure, are: Połaniec, Daleszyce, Morawica, Busko-Zdrój, and Końskie. Their position was shaped by: the number of employees, of business entities, of natural persons conducting economic activity and financial situation

The modern economy is characterised by turbulent, multi-directional transformations which are the result of the formation of the new economy. In the new economy, the role of the ICT sector is increasing and simultaneously the role of industry is declining. As part of the changes, the role of space is also changing. The new economy prefers spaces with multifunctional, modern structures that adapt to existing transformations.

In Poland are visible development disparities between municipalities. The aim of the article is to assess the significance of entrepreneurship in regional development and to determine its spatial diversity in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (province) using a synthetic measure. The analysis was carried out in 102 communes of the Świętokrzyskie province for 2010-2017. The Si entrepreneurship measure in 2010 ranged from 0.28 to 0.78 and in 2017 from 0.32 to 0.86 and the OE development measure ranged from 0.35 to 0.83 in 2010 and from 0.21 to 0.78 in 2017. The level of entrepreneurship was influenced by: the level of unemployment and of employees, of business entities, of natural persons conducting economic activity and the infrastructure. The best indicator of entrepreneurship is in the cities of Kielce, Sandomierz, Skarżysko-Kamienna, Ostrowiec Św., with a developed industrial function. At the other end there were: Waśniów, Michałów, Koprzywnica, Klimontów − with agricultural function.

Developing an innovation economy through clusters

Autor: Anna Mempel-Śnieżyk, Niki Derlukiewicz

Abstract

The development of an innovation economy is a priority of the most highly developed countries. Poland also belongs to a group of countries whose goal is to create and strengthen the innovation of the economy and numerous activities are undertaken to achieve this. Cooperation between science and business, and cooperation between enterprises and open innovations are elements that promote innovation in the economy. The purpose of the article is to present the importance of clusters in the development of an innovation economy in Poland. Using the method of desk research, literature review, reports and data analysis and the current cluster policy in Poland are presented. Additionally, supporting cluster development as part of the Intelligent Development Operational Program is discussed, and the internationalization of clusters in Poland is presented as an important element contributing to the development of an innovation economy

The article presents selected issues related to building the institutional capacity of Polish cities in light of contemporary challenges in the field of urban renewal and improving the quality of urban space based on attracting human, social and creative capital. The research purpose is the identification and characterization of the main features and problems of the functioning of the urban institutional system in Polish realities, in which the integrated territorial approach, participation and effective implementation of learning processes should constitute the essential elements of the innovative institutional potential of urbanized units. One of the important research findings presented in the article is the statement that strengthening the institutional capacity of Polish cities by building different organizational forms, characterized by decentralization, multifaceted management, networking, innovation, creativity and an eco-friendly approach, sets the framework for a new urbanity

Selected development factors lead to increased competitiveness of countries, regions and smaller administrative units. Management of the processes creating the competitiveness of these units becomes crucial from the point of view of their long-term development The purpose of this article is to capture the relationship between entrepreneurship and competitiveness in subregions using the example of the Wielkopolska region in Poland and to examine the differences in this area between individual subregions.. The research results indicate significant differences in the development of entrepreneurship and competitiveness between the central and peripheral subregions in the Wielkopolska region. They seem to indicate the existence of feedback between ex-post competitiveness and selected entrepreneurship indicators in subregions remote from the regional center of growth and emphasize the importance of SMEs in the economies of these subregions

This paper draws attention to various critical issues on new development corridors introduced in Turkey’s National Strategy on Regional Development for 2014-2023 (BGUS) in reference to the debate on functional and normative regions. The synthetic and normative treatment of development corridors in BGUS seems problematic in terms of the conceptualization of functional regions in a dynamic and realistic manner. The structural problems of development planning in Turkey since the 1950s signify the need for redefining development corridors as functional regions addressing the concerns of governance, functional linkages, core and hinterland interactions and the modifiable areal unit problem. What is suggested in this paper is that a holistic and multi-layer approach is more suitable for delineating the development corridors in Turkey rather than a threefold classification in BGUS (development, transportation and tourism corridors)

The progressive urbanism and population density of the modern world, along with the degradation of the natural environment, have caused a radical disappearance of vacant urban spaces. For this reason the importance of undeveloped, open spaces located in urban areas has increased. The development potential of empty spaces should be reasonably assessed, and thereby their use should be considered − as an element of compact urban fabric or a reserve of space for the future. The goal of the article is to discuss and evaluate the role of empty areas in cities in terms of economic, social and environmental impacts, as well as to provide a universal toolset in the field of spatial planning that can be utilized to secure the value, and maintain control over the management of empty spaces. The object of the study is Wroclaw with particular emphasis on undeveloped urban land. The research covered, depending on the available data, the period 2010-2018. The work uses a deductive method, simple statistical methods, results of research carried out so far and a reinterpretation of available scientific literature. The article is an introduction to considerations on the impact of empty urban spaces on the socio-economic development of modern cities

The aim of the study is to assess health-related quality of life among students from Wrocław, Poland. The research was carried out in 2014 and 2015. The study sample consisted of 637 people (441 women, 196 men). The main research method used in the study was a diagnostic survey poll. The research tool was the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL BRIEF) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the majority of the surveyed students assessed their health-related quality of life as average. Mean scores for overall health-related quality of life, perceived health condition, and quality of life in the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains were higher among men than women. Among all the respondents, significant differences in quality of life ratings were also noted in individual domains. The respondents rated their health-related quality of life in the social domain as the highest, and in the physical domain as the lowest

Territorial development is one of the key issues promoted in the European Union’s regional policy. In a modern economy it is necessary to include the territorial approach in policy-making process at all levels, and the scale that gains importance is the local level where all processes occur. The paper presents the theoretical aspects of territorial development on a local scale, with an emphasis on the European Union’s approach to this issue.

The wealth of societies, a well-developed infrastructure of domestic tourism and global accessibility, surplus of free time determine the increased flow of tourists in the world economy. Attractive locations are not prepared to accommodate such a large number of people. Hence, the continued application of the existing strategies in these places is becoming a problem. The need arises to change the strategy from a quantitative to a qualitative one based on customer segmentation. At the moment, the most popular tourist destinations must use a system of tools limiting access to the settlement unit in order to implement the idea of sustainable tourism. The aim of the paper is to indicate the multifaceted consequences of opening up the city in conditions of the changing economy. The following research methods were used: studies of domestic and foreign literature, benchmarking and simple statistical methods. The analysis concerns the contemporary conditions, in which cities strive to implement the idea of sustainable tourism

The article describes changes occurred in settlements around the largest cities in the Czech Republic. At the beginning of the 1990s, emigration started to prevail over immigration in the majority of Czech towns. High migration gain is recorded in the districts of Prague East and West, Brno Countryside, and in the north and south districts of Pilsen. The growing process of suburbanization in the hinterland of Prague caused the capital city to become the region with the highest relative loss of population due to migration. People moved outside Prague, but on the other hand, migration gains in populations with higher education weakened due to the growing suburbanization process. This is particularly a matter of the wealthy population which started to vacate the prefabricated blocks of flats in towns and is moving to newly built family houses in surrounding villages. This process is stronger in times of economic growth. The migration leads to the strong growth of small settlements and, together with non-residential suburbanization, significantly disrupts the spatial structures of these settlements and reduces the quality of the environment. Process of suburbanization is regulated by the local plans of every municipality and cooperation between public administration, investors, developers and local communities. The local government must take care of the harmonious future development of these cities and solve the new problems associated with the inflow of the new population arriving into these communities

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the differences in the mean transaction price of 1 m2 of residential premises in selected territorial units of Wrocław (Poland) between 2010 and 2017, divided according to data from sales agreements on the primary and secondary market and depending on the usable area of the flat. The methods used in the paper include a descriptive method, simple statistical methods (e.g. coefficient of variation) and components of financial analysis. The data were taken from the AMRON Centre database and from Statistics Poland. In 2010-2017 the high demand for flats in Wrocław placed producers on a stronger position than buyers. Analysis revealed that the prices of bigger flats showed greater volatility over time than prices of smaller ones. Moreover growing differences in the average transaction price of 1 m2 of residential premises between flats constructed using new and old technology were observed, especially in the case of the larger ones

2020

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 20/2020

Social participation is guaranteed by law; it enables citizens to decide on activities in a city. The article aims to examine the efficacy of participation in the decision-making process regarding river management in Wrocław. The author analysed to what extent the city’s inhabitants are involved in river management and what opportunities for self-government are provided for it. The methods: literature and document analysis, deduction, and statistical methods. The article discusses: the assumptions of participation, possibilities related to river management in Wrocław, data related to the inhabitants’ activity in the field of rivers and the forms of this activity. Results: residents are involved in river management if they are encouraged to do so; policy-makers are introducing tools that engage residents, but they are not always enough. The results may provide an introduction to research on participation tools that would encourage residents to engage in complex topics

The main topic of the paper refers to the issues of economic transition in regions. The research question is to determine the nature of current development processes in regions lagging behind, in coal regions in particular. The main goal of the article is to present selected modern concepts indicating the paths of the effective reorientation of development processes of such regions, along with their application into the policy framework for the coal regions’ transition. Methodically, the paper is based on a desk research and statistical analysis of time series covering GDP dynamics and job growth for NUTS3 regions in the European Union (EU). The main findings of the research indicate the significant scale of the economic challenges of coal regions in terms of their low productivity measured by the trade-off between the growth of GDP and the increase in the number of jobs, as well as the need to define a complex policy framework which ‘mixes’ a sectoral and territorial approach to achieve an effective coal regions’ transition

Polish urban centres have been going to great lengths to reactivate the vitality of space, community, economy, and the environment in recent years. The term ‘revitalization’ is used in a broad sense that is adapted to the roots of the problems considered most acute in a given territorial unit. At the same time, it could seem that, in many cases, the measures taken focus on rather superficial issues related to image or on remedying the noticeable symptoms of the problems. What becomes a central challenge is the redefinition of the operating mechanism of a city, i.e. the mechanism where various processes are in harmony with each other, the actions taken by local entities are characterized by synergy, competition for resources is rationalized, and the operation of the entire system is determined by original and creative development directions which integrate local entities and include the city into the network of ties with the surroundings. The detailed discussions described in this paper concern the vital city and urban space revitalization processes

Internal security in local development policy

Autor: Piotr Hajduga, Andrzej Łuczyszyn

Abstract

In today’s social, economic, and political reality, security environment needs to have appropriate conditions for its functioning. Stabilising these conditions is becoming indispensable due to the ongoing changes in people’s economic activity manifested by new forms of management and based on new technologies. Internal security is determined by various factors and is of interest to different parties. Currently, as local communities are gaining vital importance, a large part of development initiatives is transferred to the local level. The links between internal and social security as well as local development policy, social policy, and welfare policy are becoming increasingly visible

The basic economic category that is analysed in modern economy is growth. Referring this phenomenon to socio-economic space, the problem of its uniformity arises. In spatial development concepts, it is assumed to self-align this phenomenon (neoliberal concepts) or to force it through interventionism (Keynesian concepts). However, phenomena such as polarization and convergence occur in all considerations. These phenomena are perceived differently in diverse theories and doctrines, which is the reason they have different meanings and expectations

The aim of this article is to present the opinions of owners of year-round accommodation facilities operating in the Lublin voivodeship, concerning the impact of the international environment on the development of enterprises providing accommodation services. The assessment is based on the author’s own research conducted with the use of the CATI method in April and May 2018. Entrepreneurs rarely see opportunities and threats related to the international environment. They seem to think “in a local way”. Generally, the most positive feedback on pro-developmental actions related to the international environment is provided by respondents from urban-rural communes. Membership in international structures, including the European Union, gives a lot of opportunities for development. The entrepreneurs participating in the survey should be even more active while monitoring EU forms of support and applying for EU projects

Contemporary social and economic development (regional and local) occurring under very dynamic conditions triggered mostly by globalization requires effective and professional safety- -targeted actions aiming at stabilising undesirable threats as well as to develop safety strategies. This is crucial as a safety category requires its adaptation to each and every social and economic reality which subsequently confirms its flexibility and evolution. This is directly related to the economic policy being created which is going to use features of the Polish economy and society, which are to provide a competitive advantage over other economies and denotes that in conditions of a new service-oriented economy, safety is becoming the most significant element of development. This factor cannot be omitted in any strategic documents that constitute specific procedures determining the category of national security. Undoubtedly, however, it appears to be increasingly deficient in these sectors of socio-economic life, in which there is increasing social disorientation, and thus the risk increases

The current regional development models emphasize the mobilization of internal location potential, which is to be the source of the competitive advantage of spatial systems. Commonly implemented related concepts of learning regions, innovation clusters or creative sectors illustrate the new development capabilities of regions, simplifying or hindering self-renewal in a globalized, specific civilization system. The research purpose is to identify and characterize potential opportunities and possible development problems of regions that, operating in a highly diverse and rapidly changing socio-economic space, face the resolution of numerous dilemmas. One of the important conclusions presented in the article is the statement that the early building of appropriate potential and structural, organizational, methodological, scientific facilities and an own development programme is a condition for ensuring a significant competitive position for the region

EU policies currently place significant emphasis on the commitment to ensure climate neutrality. A substantial role in these efforts is to be played by cities and local communities. This paper seeks to fill the gap in the research on the strategic commitment in Polish cities regarding the climate issue. This study has two purposes. It aims to highlight the key fields of local authorities’ climate commitment and also ascertain the extent to which climate is approached as an area of strategic intervention in major Polish cities. The research shows that the matter of climate is viewed in a very narrow sense, with the local authorities’ commitment usually being dedicated to a few areas of intervention. The analysis points to three generations of strategic documents and shows that cities are more likely to address climate issues if they are significantly exposed to climate and climate-induced risks and extreme weather events. It is evident that urban development strategies in Polish cities follow EU policies and their commitment rarely surpass the scope of intervention detailed in these policies or mainstream concepts of urban governance and urban planning

This paper aims to provide an overview of the studies and literature regarding creative industries, with particular consideration of the video game industry, and define potential areas of further research, among others regarding e-sports. The author seeks to define creative industries, describe the Polish and global video game industries, point to their characteristics and present the development of the Polish and global video game markets providing the examples of the conducted research. The study involves a survey of literature sources, mainly covering the themes related to creative and video game industries, seeks to analyse the global and Polish video game markets based on the data from domestic and international reports

The provision of the conditions for continued socio-economic development is one of the fundamental objectives for regions. In an age of intensive changes in the global economy, demographic determinants seem to play a heightened role, as the quality and supply of human resources in regions largely determine their capabilities and paths of development. This paper aims to provide a forecast of the long-term demographic changes expected to arise in the Lower Silesia region of Poland, along with their projected effects upon the development potential of the region as a whole. This study was prepared on the basis of publicly available statistical and prognostic data for the period between 2010 and 2050. For research purposes, the region of Lower Silesia was assumed to correspond with the administrative area of the Lower Silesia voivodeship. The study employs the following research methods: literature studies, simple statistical methods, and ratiocination from statistical data

Excessive traffic and the insufficient number of parking spaces pose a challenge for the authorities of large urban centres, which is why it is important to effectively use the infrastructure resources. An example of actions that reduce efficiency regards unused cars in public parking. The discussed problem should be considered in the context of the impact on spatial order, and the phenomenon of misappropriation of public space. This article analyses Mobility Policy of the City of Wroclaw and data on the intervention of the Municipal Police of Wroclaw regarding the disposal of unused vehicles according to article 50a and 130a of Road Traffic Law. An integral part of the article is a survey examining the opinions of the local community. Unused cars have a negative impact on the quality of space and life of residents, which is manifested by a decrease in the efficiency of transport infrastructure, degradation of green areas, appropriation of public space and disturbance of spatial order

Socio-demographic dimension of tourism development in Ukraine

Autor: Iryna Trunina, Viktoriia Druzhynina, Olena Zahorianska, Kateryna Pryakhina

Abstract

Over the last decade, the tourism industry is considered to be an engine of economic development in many countries of the world. On the other hand, tourism as an important socio-economic phenomenon of modern times is closely related to the development of society and is subject to its laws, so the purpose of the research is defined as: the systematization of the existing approaches, identification and justification of the main socio-demographic factors for the development of the tourism industry in Ukraine against the backdrop of the world tourism industry. The scientific novelty: analysis of previous studies has identified the key demographic and social factors that have a direct impact and determine the main trends in tourism in Ukraine. The indirect social indicator for the level and quality of population life is determined as the disposable income per person; its comparative and retrospective analysis in the context of Ukrainian regions makes it possible to identify potentially promising areas for the development of tourism business with the existing demand from the local population

Strategic directions of the sustainable development for the city of Kremenchuk in Ukraine

Autor: Iryna Trunina, Kateryna Pryakhina, Kostyantyn Latyshev, Ksenia Skrebcova

Abstract

The article addresses the theoretical aspects of sustainable development; the content of methodological approaches to the assessment of sustainable city development is determined, the system of evaluation of sustainable city development is characterized, the dynamics of economic, social and ecological development of Kremenchuk are analyzed and recommendations for improving the sustainable development of the city are developed. The purpose of the research was to develop measures to improve the economic, social, environmental components of sustainable development of the Ukrainian industrial city of Kremenchuk

The main purpose of the research was to present gentrification as a diverse phenomenon that cannot be explicitly qualified as negative or positive. In order to illustrate the problem, literature studies were carried out regarding urban regeneration, urban revitalization, gentrification and urban development. Then a case study was presented indicating two extremely different examples. The Walnut Hills Estate in Cincinnati in the United States, was the first to be described. The second example is Sayingmen, which used to be a settlement in Beijing. Due to the controversial decision of the authorities, it was demolished. A discovery resulting from this analysis was to show the diametrically different approach to city management, the perception of civil rights and the scope of competences of local authorities. The case study presented in the article can help institutions related to the development and participatory spatial planning to create urban policies

2021

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 21/2021

The river Odra (Oder) in Wrocław is essential for the city as it constitutes a significant part of the urban fabric. The possibilities of its use depend on the degree of its development planning, and its length allows for functional differentiation. The article aims to present the spatial policy of Wrocław concerning the waterfront areas of the Odra. The degree of coverage of these areas by local spatial development plans was analysed. The methods used include desk research, case study, analysis of the researched areas using up-to-date cartographic materials, literature analysis, and the legal status. Theonclusions may constitute an introduction to in-depth research on the spatial solutions of individual functions.

City branding as a tool of public administration

Autor: Maryna Bilyk, Oleh Kratt, Kateryna Pryakhina, Iryna Trunina

Abstract

The article examines the formation of the city brand as a tool of public administration for increased competitiveness. The authors present a definition of ‘city branding’ and marketing features of territorial branding, scientific tools developed for diagnostics, as well as development of the territorial brand, and directions of promotion of the city brand as a factor of increasing its competitiveness. The purpose was a theoretical and practical justification for the formation of the city’s brand as a way to increase its competitiveness. The methodological basis of the study was a set of theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge: theoretical generalization in order to clarify the basic theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of branding the city; analysis and synthesis in determining the strategic directions and target audiences of the city brand; the formation of directions for the promotion of the city brand; visual of the results of the study.

Shopping centres are an inseparable element of modern cities, influencing their socioeconomic space. The article presents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operation of shopping centres and interests of stakeholder groups. Theoretical considerations were undertaken based on the literature overview and results of chosen market reports. The synthesis and systematization of previous research characterising the ways in which stakeholders of shopping centers have been affected by the pandemic, provide the article’s contribution to the existing knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on retail. The analysis provides critical insights and indicates problem areas that require special attention from researchers and business practitioners. The article constitutes a voice in the scientific discussion on retail development with a particular focus on shopping centers.

The modern economy is characterized by rapid, multidirectional, even turbulent transformations, where the COVID-19 pandemic has come to the fore, beyond the current causes (shaping the new economy, globalization, financialization, etc.). As part of these changes, the situation of individual regions has begun to change. Regions characterized by an economy with multifunctional modern structures adapt better to the transformations that have occurred and the so-called new normality.

The author states that society itself is the most important stakeholder in a city. The reasons for such state were examined along with the implications what this means for both inhabitants and authorities. In the section that follows, the conscious city-changing actions of inhabitants were taken into consideration, with the emphasis on urban activism. The last part again concerns inhabitants’ actions in a converse, passive way, which is perceived as a form of active but unconscious participation in governance in this research.

During the transition of the Polish economy to a free market system in the 1990s, the coal mines in Wałbrzych were closed after nearly five centuries of extraction, which triggered over 20 years of deep socio-economic crisis in the city. This paper aimed to discuss this closure in the long-term perspective, leveraging the framework of path dependence, and in particular the socio-technical carbon lock-in. It claims that after WWII, a socio-technical lock-in occurred in Wałbrzych and the rapid closure of the mines was a consequence of its breakup resulting from the exogenous factor in the form of shock therapy. The discussion of the case of Wałbrzych contributes to the current debate on the phasing out of Poland’s coal sector slowed down by the coal lock-in.

At a time when the world economy is experiencing rapid changes, a new paradigm of development referred to as a territory-oriented approach is growing in importance. This shift in the general concept of development is driven by a multitude of factors, including in particular the fact that development is a historical product and as such it has its own temporal dimension. Both regional and local developments are dynamic models where constant interactions occur between local and global elements. These interactions create a system in which spatially concentrated and historically formed technical, productive and institutional activities are performed and coordinated in a variety of ways by all kinds of organizations, in other words a territory. One may argue that territories evolve and their history is made up of subsequent development stages and of new external situations which compel them to make continuous adjustments. Within their borders, there is an ongoing combination of development factors, with the territory’s differentiating features being unique and not easily replicable. As such, territories are specific social structures. Contemporary social realities require that local and regional dimensions be brought up together with the world – a global dimension. This makes territories a stage for economic actors.

The article aims to identify the problems faced by urban and regional communities and to provide implementable approaches derived from the economic base theory (EBT). This review essay discusses (often critically) the relevance of EBT to urban and regional research. The article seeks to explore the theoretical implications of the limitations and challenges of basic and non-basic sectors development. The author explored how EBT can increase our understanding of economic processes. A presentation of EBT is followed by a description of the functional structures of cities and regions. The study focused on the evaluation and the application of EBT. The results confirm that EBT has longstanding importance in spatial planning. Although EBT is a simplified abstraction of reality, it can be a helpful platform for the effective implementation of regional (urban) strategies. The original contribution of this paper is to open up the perspective for further research on EBT.

The article aims to analyse the development of tools, and assess the resource potential for industrial enterprises in Ukraine, and it also discusses the ways of forming a scientific research methodology. The success of the functioning of an economic entity is determined by the level of resource availability, their structure, the rate of renewal, the efficiency of use and the level of specialization. The scope of an enterprise determines all of these factors by its resource potential. Economists are looking for the best solutions for its evaluation, and thus various ways of previously known and tested methods of improving are proposed. The authors noted that nowadays there is no uniform methodology for assessing the resource potential of an enterprise in the real sector of the economy. The existing measurement tools are the separate indicators that characterize the efficiency of the enterprise. However, for a complete assessment, it should be all-round and systematic. In this regard, the procedure and system of indicators to assess the main types of resources were proposed, which can be applied by any industrial enterprise in order to improve its efficiency.

The study examined the development process of towns in the Polish region Lower Silesia. It analysed seven units with a very specific function – spa and tourist resort. The final comparison considered the period of 2015-2019. The conducted analysis was based on a taxonomic method that examined local explanatory factors towards the territorial aspect of development. The initial research findings show that towns can be an important link in regional settlement units, but only those who developed specific endogenous functions are performing well and respond to changing economic patterns and economic globalisation. In this case spa and touristic character were analysed.

Different processes in creating policies of development can be observed, some of which need to be supported. One of the most important issues of new policies is empowering citizens provided by various methods. The research is based on literature studies that show how broad this subject is. Other methods include statistical analyses which made it possible to perceive a correlation between different factors and a benchmark based on the example of the deliberation process in a project prepared by NGOs and the municipality of Warsaw. The aim of the research was to describe the relations and connections between empowering citizens, the deliberation processes and building trust in the local authorities. An interesting outcome of the research was creating a recommendation for policy makers based on the observation that building a dialogue between local governance and citizens can be significant for future sustainable development.

The main aim of the article is to discuss the results of a survey among car drivers regarding safety at pedestrian crossings. An integral part of the paper was the assessment of that safety in the context of improvements in the public’s quality of life, complete with presentation of the innovative approaches, particularly those involving the modernization of lighting solutions adopted for the purpose. The study put emphasis on pedestrian safety in municipal and suburban areas in Poland, based on data obtained for the period 2019-2020, for which the following methods were employed: descriptive method, simple statistical methods, questionnaire survey. Traffic incidents involving pedestrians are decidedly more fatal in non-urbanized areas – higher mortality. The proper lighting of roads, particularly pedestrian crossings, significantly contributes to the increase of public safety in traffic,of special importance is the effective choice of light colour, intensity, and oscillation (pulse).

The research problem examined in this paper pertains to the situation on the primary market in apartment units and detached housing units over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely between October 2020 and September 2021. The main research objective was to present current trends on the primary market in apartment units and detached housing units in the radically specific context of the present pandemic threat. The study was designed to examine local markets in real estate in Poland’s six largest cities. The fundamental research question was formulated as follows: what trends could be observed in the primary market of apartment units and detached housing units in response to the ongoing pandemic threat, and what directions of development can be seen as those most favoured by the market in question? In an attempt to provide a complete picture of the studied trends, a supplementary question was posed as follows: what are the most important determinants of the market’s development in the studied pandemic context? The research questions were approached by means of analytical evaluations of fluctuations in housing and apartment prices by city, complete with analyses of availability, sales volumes and supply of new units. The study employed the following research methods: literature studies, trend analysis, observation, and rudimentary statistical methods.

2022

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 22/2022

This article presents the results of a survey of innovative activities of enterprises in the Czech Republic and a comparison of differences between regions. The goal is to analyse the approach of companies, examine how they evaluate their innovation activities and the implementation of R&D, and find out if there are inter-regional differences in the innovation activities of companies in chosen categories. The data were collected via a questionnaire survey of companies across regions in coordination with the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic. The research revealed that more enterprises were in a dependent position, providing partial functions within the concern, or as suppliers in their respective production chains. At the same time, companies are actively preparing for the constantly changing production and economic environment and some also have ambitions to become pioneers of innovative change. Even at regional level, some differences were found, given the different stage of development and competitiveness of the regions. Through the priorities of regional innovation strategies, public support should prepare suitable conditions for the development of new industrial and tertiary sectors in the region.

Modern cities are undergoing intensive changes along with increasing globalisation and developing a knowledge-based economy. As a result of these changes, modern large cities, known as metropolises, are also emerging. With their creation, the surroundings of these cities are also changing. Urban functional areas are being created, often referred to as metropolitan areas. The further surroundings of large cities are also undergoing transformations, however, not always perceived as positive.

This paper investigates how smart cities responded to the COVID-19 pandemic-related issues based on the example of New York City (the case study formula). The first part of the research constitutes a background to the study. The specific challenges and city responses that the pandemic introduced to urban centres are indicated. The second part contains research on various definitions of the smart city concept. Since there is no official characteristic of such an urban centre, the commonly accepted attributes were indicated in the study. The first and second parts are based on desk research. Finally, in the last phase of the research, a case study analysis of New York City was conducted to present manifestations of previously indicated attributes of a smart city concept. The actions taken by the city authorities and other city actors to address the challenges that were both common for cities and specific ones (that applied to New York City) were investigated.

A dilemma for qualitative research is to achieve adequate data saturation and to reduce the time required for data collection. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the question: to what extent should an in-depth interview be moderated in order to ensure an adequate level of saturation and time required for the analysis of several topics? The research methods include a literature analysis and an analysis of the author’s dissertation research reports. The article may help to improve the collection of high-quality data during in-depth interviews and to contribute to developing the methodological aspects of qualitative research.

Innovative Approaches to Staff Motivation Based on ESG Business Principles and Intellectualisation: International Experience

Autor: Olga Maslak, Andrii Pochtovyuk, Yaroslava Yakovenko, Mariya Maslak, Natalya Grishko, Vitalii Marchenko:

Abstract

The theoretical and methodological principles of the use of innovative approaches to personnel motivation are determined, and the methodology of personnel motivation management based on ESG is considered using the example of the USA, Japan, and Europe. Western European companies are characterised by three models of labour incentives: non-bonus (work incentive functions are performed by wages); bonus, which includes payments in the amount related to the size of the company’s income or profit; bonus, which provides for payments determined by individual work results. The necessity of using modern work motivation systems based on the accounting of motivational effects, the application of work performance assessment criteria, the forecast of the work behaviour of personnel regarding changes in the work motivation system in the organization, and the monitoring of important deviations from the given form of work behaviour, was proven. Areas of personnel productivity were investigated based on an adapted algorithm of the principal components’ method, which made it possible to compare the positions of international companies relative to their competitors and quantify their achievements in personnel motivation. This made it possible to form the general components of a modern universal approach to the motivation of highly productive work.

Smart development, primarily based on smart city technologies, also requires the existence of smart communities. Smart communities are influenced by social developments in the community, which are dynamic and determined by individuals’ social levels. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the use of social capital in building a smart society. The author draws attention to the significance of social capital in terms of social innovations and participation in the sustainable development of the smart city. The article uses the qualitative method analysis i.e. a literature review, and discusses (often critically) the relevance of particular forms, types and functions of social capital to smart development. The author explored how the use of social capital in the community encourages community empowerment and innovative activities and accelerates the development of a smart community. The results confirm that trust, appropriate norms and cooperation among residents affect smart development. Accordingly, social capital is essential in developing smart communities and smart cities. The paper’s original contribution opens the prospects for further research on social capital.

This paper examines the potential use of blockchain technology in metropolitan planning by focusing on municipal cryptocurrencies as a new type of crypto financing. Decentralisation through blockchain technology offers several advantages for the provision of metropolitan services: transparency, security, participation, productivity and immutability. The transformation of traditional municipal Efeservices into smart city functions raises the importance of blockchain technology for metropolitan planning. Blockchain technology can be used in metropolitan planning for several analytical purposes: transportation planning, logistics planning, demarcation of metropolitan borders and metropolitan hinterland, mapping urban morphologies, accessibility analysis of metropolitan services and monitoring of metropolitan safety services. Here, labour market data, commuting data, statistical regional data and jurisdiction data are the main components of metropolitan analysis. Municipal cryptocurrencies incentivise and enrich the processes of data management for metropolitan planning. In the paper, one potential application of municipal cryptocurrencies is briefly exemplified by a peer-to-peer (P2P) transmission and incentivisation of commuting data for metropolitan areas.

The proper understanding and interpreting oncoming phenomena and processes seems to be a very important asset in building competitive advantage, not only in business but also in territorial units such as cities. Predicting future trends is especially important because most of the global population tend to live in cities. The aim of this paper was to present the concept of megatrends and to evaluate endogenic factors (social, economic and environmental) that can be crucial for forecasting (development process management).

Demographic Changes in the Cities of Lower Silesia in the Perspective of Sustainable Development

Autor: Dorota Rynio, Alicja Zakrzewska-Półtorak, Hanna Adamiczka, Agata Pluta

Abstract

The article discusses and evaluates, against the background of selected issues in the theory of urban demography concerning sustainable development, changes in the number of inhabitants in Lower Silesian cities, and to indicate possible development paths for individual categories of cities. All Lower Silesian cities are the subject of the study. The research covered the period 2000-2020. The cities are categorised into small, medium, and large, and their specific characteristics are primarily related to their location. The article uses a descriptive method, simple statistical methods, comparative analysis, and an expert method. The latter proposed the division of cities into categories in terms of demographic changes and sustainable development paths for individual city categories. The results show that Lower Silesian cities (as a group) are ageing, regardless of their size, yet a detailed case study indicated a relatively large group of cities (mainly small) with a growing population and growth potential.

The traffic problems of modern cities are mainly caused by increased intensity of car traffic. The key to encouraging city users to use public transport services is to increase the level of quality and accessibility. Park&ride car parks (P+R) are one element of a strategy to increase the quality of public transport systems, in this case the public transport system in Wroclaw. The aim of the study was to indicate the importance of park&ride facilities in building and improving the quality of the public transport system in Wroclaw. The study used the desk research method, the descriptive method and the results of document analysis. The research procedure established that the process of constructing park&ride facilities (which are an element of the public transport system in Wroclaw) is being implemented continuously; at the same time it has a positive impact on reducing the level of car traffic. The current implementation period and the availability of P+R car parks in Wroclaw are insufficient in comparison with the needs of such a large urban centre, which is constantly developing.

Contemporary cities differ in many structural and functional respects. Each of them has its own unique endogenous conditions and various external conditions. For the authors, the starting point was to discuss the common characteristic features and main problems that contemporary cities face. The main aim of the article was to investigate potential regularities between problems/ features of the cities and the implemented city development concepts. To this end, the theoretical concepts of development used by urban centres were analysed and the examples of those implemented. Contemporary cities pursue their goals based on the guidelines resulting, among others, from the following concepts: smart city, green city, accessible city, compact city, resilient city, creative city, 15-minute city. The methods used for the research were literature review and case studies. The analysed cases confirmed the belief that the municipal authorities must identify and firmly decide which of the existing problems in the urban space have the greatest destructive effect on them. As an element that binds all the concepts of development, a common goal should be indicated i.e. the optimisation of the quality of life of residents. The added value of the paper relates to capturing the relation between the development concepts used by cities and their features/identified problems.

2023

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 23/2023

This article presents the results of a survey of innovative activities of enterprises in the Czech Republic and a comparison of differences between regions. The goal is to analyse the approach of companies, examine how they evaluate their innovation activities and the implementation of R&D, and find out if there are inter-regional differences in the innovation activities of companies in chosen categories. The data were collected via a questionnaire survey of companies across regions in coordination with the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic. The research revealed that more enterprises were in a dependent position, providing partial functions within the concern, or as suppliers in their respective production chains. At the same time, companies are actively preparing for the constantly changing production and economic environment and some also have ambitions to become pioneers of innovative change. Even at regional level, some differences were found, given the different stage of development and competitiveness of the regions. Through the priorities of regional innovation strategies, public support should prepare suitable conditions for the development of new industrial and tertiary sectors in the region.

Modern cities are undergoing intensive changes along with increasing globalisation and developing a knowledge-based economy. As a result of these changes, modern large cities, known as metropolises, are also emerging. With their creation, the surroundings of these cities are also changing. Urban functional areas are being created, often referred to as metropolitan areas. The further surroundings of large cities are also undergoing transformations, however, not always perceived as positive.

This paper investigates how smart cities responded to the COVID-19 pandemic-related issues based on the example of New York City (the case study formula). The first part of the research constitutes a background to the study. The specific challenges and city responses that the pandemic introduced to urban centres are indicated. The second part contains research on various definitions of the smart city concept. Since there is no official characteristic of such an urban centre, the commonly accepted attributes were indicated in the study. The first and second parts are based on desk research. Finally, in the last phase of the research, a case study analysis of New York City was conducted to present manifestations of previously indicated attributes of a smart city concept. The actions taken by the city authorities and other city actors to address the challenges that were both common for cities and specific ones (that applied to New York City) were investigated.

A dilemma for qualitative research is to achieve adequate data saturation and to reduce the time required for data collection. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the question: to what extent should an in-depth interview be moderated in order to ensure an adequate level of saturation and time required for the analysis of several topics? The research methods include a literature analysis and an analysis of the author’s dissertation research reports. The article may help to improve the collection of high-quality data during in-depth interviews and to contribute to developing the methodological aspects of qualitative research.

The theoretical and methodological principles of the use of innovative approaches to personnel motivation are determined, and the methodology of personnel motivation management based on ESG is considered using the example of the USA, Japan, and Europe. Western European companies are characterised by three models of labour incentives: non-bonus (work incentive functions are performed by wages); bonus, which includes payments in the amount related to the size of the company’s income or profit; bonus, which provides for payments determined by individual work results. The necessity of using modern work motivation systems based on the accounting of motivational effects, the application of work performance assessment criteria, the forecast of the work behaviour of personnel regarding changes in the work motivation system in the organization, and the monitoring of important deviations from the given form of work behaviour, was proven. Areas of personnel productivity were investigated based on an adapted algorithm of the principal components’ method, which made it possible to compare the positions of international companies relative to their competitors and quantify their achievements in personnel motivation. This made it possible to form the general components of a modern universal approach to the motivation of highly productive work.

Smart development, primarily based on smart city technologies, also requires the existence of smart communities. Smart communities are influenced by social developments in the community, which are dynamic and determined by individuals’ social levels. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the use of social capital in building a smart society. The author draws attention to the significance of social capital in terms of social innovations and participation in the sustainable development of the smart city. The article uses the qualitative method analysis i.e. a literature review, and discusses (often critically) the relevance of particular forms, types and functions of social capital to smart development. The author explored how the use of social capital in the community encourages community empowerment and innovative activities and accelerates the development of a smart community. The results confirm that trust, appropriate norms and cooperation among residents affect smart development. Accordingly, social capital is essential in developing smart communities and smart cities. The paper’s original contribution opens the prospects for further research on social capital.

This paper examines the potential use of blockchain technology in metropolitan planning by focusing on municipal cryptocurrencies as a new type of crypto financing. Decentralisation through blockchain technology offers several advantages for the provision of metropolitan services: transparency, security, participation, productivity and immutability. The transformation of traditional municipal Efeservices into smart city functions raises the importance of blockchain technology for metropolitan planning. Blockchain technology can be used in metropolitan planning for several analytical purposes: transportation planning, logistics planning, demarcation of metropolitan borders and metropolitan hinterland, mapping urban morphologies, accessibility analysis of metropolitan services and monitoring of metropolitan safety services. Here, labour market data, commuting data, statistical regional data and jurisdiction data are the main components of metropolitan analysis. Municipal cryptocurrencies incentivise and enrich the processes of data management for metropolitan planning. In the paper, one potential application of municipal cryptocurrencies is briefly exemplified by a peer-to-peer (P2P) transmission and incentivisation of commuting data for metropolitan areas.

The proper understanding and interpreting oncoming phenomena and processes seems to be a very important asset in building competitive advantage, not only in business but also in territorial units such as cities. Predicting future trends is especially important because most of the global population tend to live in cities. The aim of this paper was to present the concept of megatrends and to evaluate endogenic factors (social, economic and environmental) that can be crucial for forecasting (development process management).

The article discusses and evaluates, against the background of selected issues in the theory of urban demography concerning sustainable development, changes in the number of inhabitants in Lower Silesian cities, and to indicate possible development paths for individual categories of cities. All Lower Silesian cities are the subject of the study. The research covered the period 2000-2020. The cities are categorised into small, medium, and large, and their specific characteristics are primarily related to their location. The article uses a descriptive method, simple statistical methods, comparative analysis, and an expert method. The latter proposed the division of cities into categories in terms of demographic changes and sustainable development paths for individual city categories. The results show that Lower Silesian cities (as a group) are ageing, regardless of their size, yet a detailed case study indicated a relatively large group of cities (mainly small) with a growing population and growth potential.

The traffic problems of modern cities are mainly caused by increased intensity of car traffic. The key to encouraging city users to use public transport services is to increase the level of quality and accessibility. Park&ride car parks (P+R) are one element of a strategy to increase the quality of public transport systems, in this case the public transport system in Wroclaw. The aim of the study was to indicate the importance of park&ride facilities in building and improving the quality of the public transport system in Wroclaw. The study used the desk research method, the descriptive method and the results of document analysis. The research procedure established that the process of constructing park&ride facilities (which are an element of the public transport system in Wroclaw) is being implemented continuously; at the same time it has a positive impact on reducing the level of car traffic. The current implementation period and the availability of P+R car parks in Wroclaw are insufficient in comparison with the needs of such a large urban centre, which is constantly developing.

Contemporary cities differ in many structural and functional respects. Each of them has its own unique endogenous conditions and various external conditions. For the authors, the starting point was to discuss the common characteristic features and main problems that contemporary cities face. The main aim of the article was to investigate potential regularities between problems/ features of the cities and the implemented city development concepts. To this end, the theoretical concepts of development used by urban centres were analysed and the examples of those implemented. Contemporary cities pursue their goals based on the guidelines resulting, among others, from the following concepts: smart city, green city, accessible city, compact city, resilient city, creative city, 15-minute city. The methods used for the research were literature review and case studies. The analysed cases confirmed the belief that the municipal authorities must identify and firmly decide which of the existing problems in the urban space have the greatest destructive effect on them. As an element that binds all the concepts of development, a common goal should be indicated i.e. the optimisation of the quality of life of residents. The added value of the paper relates to capturing the relation between the development concepts used by cities and their features/identified problems.

2024

Biblioteka Regionalisty nr 24/2024

Nowy Jork jako przykład oddziaływania megatrendów na megamiasta – urbanizacja a nierówności / New York as an example of the impact of megatrends on megacities – urbanization and inequalities

Autor: Katarzyna Cłapa, Patrycja Klasa

Zjawisko kurczenia się polskich miast – istota, przyczyny i skutki / The phenomenon of shrinking Polish cities – essence, causes and effects

Autor: Agata Gałka

Affordability of properties on the Wrocław real estate market / Przystępność cenowa mieszkań na wrocławskim rynku nieruchomości

Autor: Dariusz Głuszczuk

Renewable Energy Transition in Europe in the last two decades / Transformacja odnawialnych źródeł energii w Europie w ostatnich dwóch dekadach

Autor: Piotr Hajduga, Anna Mempel-Śnieżyk, Petr Hlavácek

Rewitalizacja obszaru zdegradowanego przystani i przestrzeni wokół – Przystań Cesarska w Gdańsku / Revitalization of the degraded area of ​​the marina and the surrounding area – Przystan Cesarska in Gdansk

Autor: Aleksandra Kardynia, Dominika Szkop

Socio-economic space and the new face of globalisation / Przestrzeń społeczno-ekonomiczna wobec nowego oblicza globalizacji

Autor: Stanisław Korenik

Small towns in Lower Silesia during the pandemic – selected issues / Małe miasta Dolnego Śląska w okresie pandemii – zagadnienia wybrane

Autor: Stanisław Korenik, Alicja Kozak

New York City COVID-19 response in context of the smart city concept / Odpowiedź Nowego Jorku na COVID-19 w kontekście koncepcji inteligentnego miasta

Autor: Alicja Kozak

Sustainable development of Polish cities – case study of Wrocław / Zrównoważony rozwój polskich miast na przykładzie Wrocławia

Autor: Agnieszka Krześ

Territorial approach – the new role of space in socio-economic development / Podejście terytorialne – nowa rola przestrzeni w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym

Autor: Andrzej Łuczyszyn, Patrycja Papież

Territorial capital – a specific feature of territory / Kapitał terytorialny specyficzną cechą terytorium

Autor: Tomasz Łuczyszyn

Przystanek kreatywności NEMO – Innowacja społeczna dla gmin / NEMO Creativity Station – Social Innovation for Communes

Autor: Katarzyna Miszczak

The innovative model of supporting short food supply chains by a local government unit on the example of the Kamienna Góra Municipality / Innowacyjny model wspierania krótkich łańcuchów dostaw żywności przez jednostkę samorządu terytorialnego na przykładzie Gminy Kamienna Góra

Autor: Magdalena Raftowicz, Krzysztof Solarz

Ocena sytuacji finansowej samorządów województwa podkarpackiego na tle innych polskich regionów z wykorzystaniem metod taksonometrycznych / Evaluation of the financial situation of local government in the Podkarpackie voivodeship in comparison to other Polish regions by means of taxonometric methods

Autor: Kamil Zientarski